Extension Education
Enhancing Production Efficiency and Farm Profitability Through Innovative Engagement Teaching and Programming
Matt Stockton(a), Daran Rudnick(a), Chuck Burr(a), and Krystle Rhoades(a)
(a)University of Nebraska-Lincoln
JEL Codes: JEL Codes: Q1, Q16, I2, I21
Keywords: Andragogy, Competition, Extension program, Gamulation, Simulation
First Published Online: August 27, 2025
Abstract
Recognized by Western Agricultural Economics Association (WAEA) and Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA) as an innovative adult education (Extension/outreach) program. Testing Agriculture Performance Solutions (TAPS) was developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s (UNL) West Central Research, Extension, Education Center (WCREEC) in North Platte, NE. This program was created to enhance Extension education by increasing stakeholder engagement and commitment. This engagement comes in the form of a series of season-long contests, the application of andragogical principles, and the support of Extension programming and materials. Four key groups make this program viable: facilitators, competitors, integrators, and followers. This program is hosted and maintained by the university facilitators, with help from integrators and agribusinesses. Competitors make production and management choices recorded and acted upon by the facilitators, with reports and publications made available to all, including followers. This paper describes the reasoning and application of the program with accompanying feedback by competitors. The current program focuses on farm profitability in conjunction with nitrogen and irrigation efficacy and efficiency. While the program is effective, it is costly and requires special resources that are limited. To address these issues, a virtual version is being developed. This new virtual TAPS will increase flexibility and reduce costs, making it more accessible and useful.
References
Boud, D., R. Cohen, and J. Sampson. 2001. “Introduction: Making the Move to Peer Learning.” In D. Boud, ed. Peer Learning in Higher Education: Learning from & With Each Other. London: Routledge, Kogan Page, pp. 1–17.
Chapman, S., P. McPhee, and B. Proudman. 1995. “What Is Experiential Education?” In K. Warren, ed. The Theory of Experiential Education, 3rd ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, pp. 235–248.
Downing, A.K., and J.C. Finley. 2005. “Private Forest Landowners: What They Want in an Educational Program.” Journal of Extension 43(1):14.
Farm Credit Services. 2017. Grain Marketing: Producer Practices and Attitudes. Farm Credit Services of America, p. 6. Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20220305125100/https://www.fcsamerica.com/docs/default-source/grain_marketing/fcsamerica_grain_marketing_survey_full_report_may2017.pdf.
Fornaciari, C.J., and K. Lund Dean. 2014. “The 21st-Century Syllabus: From Pedagogy to Andragogy.” Journal of Management Education 38(5):701–723.
Friederichs, A. 2018. “How the Adult Brain Learns: The Importance of Creating Enriched Environments When Teaching.” Unbound: Reinventing Higher Education, Spring. Retrieved from: https://unbound.upcea.edu/innovation/contemporary-learners/how-the-adult-brain-learns-the-importance-of-creating-enriched-environments-when-teaching/.
Kennedy, S.M., and M.E. Burbach. 2022. “Qualtrics Report of TAPS Alumni Producer Survey.” File kept as a word document by Author, M. Stockton, mstockton2@unl.edu.
———. 2023. “TAPS Program Evaluation—Producers.” Papers in Natural Resources 1656. University of Nebraska–Lincoln, School of Natural Resources, Conservation & Survey Division.
Knowles, M.S. 1978. “Andragogy: Adult Learning Theory in Perspective.” Community College Review 5(3):9–20.
Knowles, M.S., E.F. Holton III, and R.A. Swanson. 2015. The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 8th ed. London: Routledge.
Lewis, L.H., and C.J. Williams. 1994. “Experiential Learning: Past and Present.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 62:5–16.
Moon, J.A. 2006. A Handbook of Reflective and Experiential Learning: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
Morin, D.A. 2021. “Why Being Social Is Important: Benefits and Examples” [blog post]. SocialSelf. Updated November 9, 2022. Retrieved from: https://socialself.com/blog/why-being-social-important/
Pink, D. 2009. “The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us” (YouTube video). Royal Society for Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc.
Seivold, A., S. Leifer, and S. Ulman. 2006. “Operational Risk Management: An Evolving Discipline.” Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Supervisory Insights, Summer:4–11. Retrieved from: https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/examinations/supervisory/insights/sisum06/sisummer06-article1.pdf.
Weimer, M. 2002. Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Practice. San Franciso CA: Jossey-Bass.
———. 2010. Inspired College Teaching: A Career-Long Resource for Professional Growth. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Articles in this issue
A Household Production Model of College Student Motivation: Teaching Strategies to Inspire Enhanced Learning
Andrew Barkley
Yes…There Are Great Careers in Food Retail! Using Pre-recorded Interviews to Showcase Career Pathways and Increase Student Engagement
Renée Shaw Hughner, Mark Manfredo, Claudia Dumitrescu
Data Visualization in Applied Economics Instruction and Outreach
Jared Hutchins and Andrew J. Van Leuven
Network for Environment and Weather Applications: An Overview of the Digital Pest Management Decision Support Tool
Allan F. Pinto, Dan Olmstead, Alejandro A. Calixto, and Miguel I. Gómez
Enhancing Production Efficiency and Farm Profitability Through Innovative Engagement Teaching and Programming
Matt Stockton, Daran Rudnick, Chuck Burr, and Krystle Rhoades
The Implementation of Non-explicit Grading
Timothy Meyer, Lia Nogueira, Fabio Mattos, Simanti Banerjee, and Kathleen Brooks
Beyond the Textbook: Students’ Experiences Learning Agricultural Policy with an AI Tutor
Robert Huber and Réka Mihálka
A Checklist for Managing AI Use in Agribusiness and Applied Economics Courses
Sean P. Hurley


