Applied Economics Teaching Resources

an AAEA Journal

Agricultural and Applied Economics Association

Case Study

Unraveling the Reintroduction of Hemp in the United States: A Case Study of the Supply and Demand During the (Re)Birth of an Industry

Jonathan D. Shepherd(a), Rebecca Hill(b), William Snell(a), Tyler Mark(a), Jane Kolodinsky(c) and Hannah Lacasse(c)
(a)University of Kentucky, (b)Colorado State University, (c)University of Vermont

JEL Codes: JEL Codes: Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13
Keywords: Demand, hemp, policy, supply

Publish Date: November 27, 2024

View Full Article (PDF) | Request Teaching Notes/Supplemental Materials

Abstract

The reintroduction of hemp as a legal enterprise in the United States has been one of the largest-scale exercises in applied agricultural economics in recent history. Hemp has a long and storied past in the United States. The economic forces behind the ups and downs of hemp production, coupled with varying legal status throughout time, make hemp an exciting case study to understand how policy influences the forces of economics. The evolution of this reintroduction provides a real-world opportunity to understand and apply core microeconomic and marketing concepts amid uncertainty and government interventions. This hemp case study explores economic concepts including supply and demand, elasticity, price discovery, government intervention and policy, and agricultural marketing and production contracts on the backdrop of hemp production.

About the Authors: Jonathan D. Shepherd is an Agricultural Extension Specialist at the University of Kentucky (Corresponding Author Email: jdshepherd@uky.edu). Rebecca Hill is an Extension Professor at Colorado State University. William Snell is an Extension Professor and Co-Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Leadership Program at the University of Kentucky. Tyler Mark is a Professor at the University of Kentucky. Jane Kolodinsky is a Faculty Affiliate with Colorado State University and Professor Emerita with the University of Vermont. Hannah Lacasse is a Ph.D. Student of Community Development and Applied Economics at the University of Vermont.

Copyright is governed under Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA

References

Adjemian, M., B. Brorsen, W. Han, T. Saitone, and R. Sexton. 2016. Thinning Markets in U.S. Agriculture: What Are the    Implications for Producers and Processors? (Economic Information Bulletin No. 148). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

Angel, T. 2018. “Here’s Mitch McConnell’s New Hemp Legislation Bill.” Forbes, April 12. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomangell/2018/04/12/heres-mitch-mcconnells-new-hemp-legalization-bill/?sh=7938bc85b5bf.

Bell, C. 2020. “The Long and Winding History of Industrial Hemp.” Times Recorder, May 31. https://www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com/story/news/local/2020/05/31/long-and-winding-history-industrial-hemp/5255671002/.

Dwyer, S.D. 1998. “The Hemp Controversy.” Kentucky Law Journal 86:1143–1181.

Falkner, A., J. Kolondinsky, T. Mark, W. Snell, R. Hill, A. Luke, J. Shepherd, and H. Lacasse. 2023. “The Reintroduction of Hemp in the USA: A Content Analysis of State and Tribal Hemp Production Plans.” Journal of Cannabis Research 5(17):1–12.

Hill, R., B. Jablonski, L. Van, M. Wang, B. Patalee, J. Shepherd, M. LeRoux, T. Mark, D. Mooney, and D. Thilmany. 2023. “Producers Marketing a Novel Crop: A Field-Level View of Hemp Market Channels.” Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 38:E22. doi:10.1017/S1742170523000145.

Hudock, C. 2019. “Ask Our Experts: How Much Hemp Does the U.S. Import Every Year?” New Frontier Data, November 29.https://newfrontierdata.com/cannabis-insights/ask-our-experts-how-much-hemp-does-the-u-s-import-every-    year/.

Johnson, R. 2018. Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity (CRS Report RL32725).

Washington DC: U.S. Congressional Research Service.

Kentucky Department of Agriculture. 2023. “Goals and Growth of the Hemp Program.” https://www.kyagr.com/marketing/hemp-overview.html.

Lacasse, H. and J. Kolodinsky. 2022. “Chapter 14-Consumer Trends and The Consumption of Industrial Hemp-Based Products. Industrial Hemp : 367-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90910-5.00011-7

Levy, D., F. Chaloupka, E.N. Lindblom, D.T. Sweanor, R.J. O’Connor, C. Shang, and R. Borland. 2019. “The U.S. Cigarette Industry: An Economic and Marketing Perspective.” Tobacco Regulatory Science 5(2):156–168. https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.5.2.7.

MacDonald, J., and C. Burns. 2019. “Marketing and Production Contracts Are Widely Used in U.S. Agriculture.” Amber Waves Magazine, July 1. https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2019/july/marketing-and-production-contracts-are-widely-used-in-us-agriculture/.

MacKeen, D. 2019. “What Are the Benefits of CBD?” New York Times, October 16. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/style/self-care/cbd-oil-benefits.html.

Mark, T., and J. Shepherd. 2019. “University of Kentucky Industrial Hemp Budgets.” University of Kentucky. https://agecon.ca.uky.edu/files/hemp_and_cdb_enterprise_budgets_6_18_2019.xlsx.

Mark, T., J. Shepherd, D. Olson, W. Snell, S. Proper, and S. Thornsbury. 2020. Economic Viability of Industrial Hemp in the U.S.: A Review of State Pilot Programs (Economic Information Bulletin No. 217). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

PanXchange. Hemp Price Report. Subscription Data. 2022

Reed, D. 2021. “How Much U.S. Farmland Should Be Dedicated to Hemp Crops?” CBD Today, March 2. https://www.cbdtoday.com/how-much-u-s-farmland-should-be-dedicated-to-hemp-crops/.

Schnitkey, G. 2018. “Corn and Soybean Budgets for 2018 and 2019: Low Returns Ahead.” Farmdoc Daily (8):146. Urbana-Champaign IL: Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Shepherd, J., P. Goeringer, and T. Mark. 2021. “Hemp Contract Considerations.” Economic and Policy Update (21):3. Lexington KY: Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kentucky. Shepherd, J., and T. Mark. 2019. “The Economics of Hemp Production in Kentucky.” Economic and Policy Update (19):3.         Lexington KY: Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kentucky. 

Tomek, W., and K. Robinson. 1990. Agricultural Product Prices, 3rd. ed. New York: Cornell University Press.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2019. 2017 Census of Agriculture. U.S. Summary and State Data. Vol 1. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2023. “Crop Acreage Data.” Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency. https://www.fsa.usda.gov/news-room/efoia/electronic-reading-room/frequently-requested-information/crop-acreage-data/index.

Articles in this issue

Textbook Review of: Equilibrium Displacement Models: Theory, Applications, and Policy Analysis. By Gary W. Brester, Joseph A. Atwood, and Michael A. Boland
George Davis, Andrew Keller, Henry Kinnucan, Mike McCullough, Hikaru Hanawa Peterson, et al.

Reflecting on Using Reflection Exercises to Improve Student Learning and Teaching Effectiveness
Jaclyn D. Kropp

Innovate to Lead: Curriculum Innovations to Meet Students’ Needs in Applied Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Programs
Rachna Tewari , Na Zuo, Maria Bampasidou, Anthony Delmond, Lijiao Hu, Tanner McCarty, et al.

A Case Study on the Home Cooking Movement—Legalization, Market, and Competition
Suraj Gurung, Jonathan Ritacco, Lijun Angelia Chen and John Lai

Expanding Beyond Case Studies in Postgraduate Agribusiness Teaching to Enhance Experiential Benefits and Student/Teacher Outcomes
Alexandra Peralta, Craig Johns, and Adam Loch

Minority-Owned Agricultural Businesses and Challenges with the Paycheck Protection Program: Seeking Ways to Reach Farmers
Kevin Kim, Ana Claudia Sant’Anna and Iryna Demko

Applied Economic Models of Commodity and Input Markets to Assess Prices, Quantities, Farm and Other Input Supplier Impacts, and Consumer and Taxpayer Costs
Joe Dewbre, Wyatt Thompson, Sera Chiuchiarelli

Risk Management Education for Executives in the Food and Agriculture Industry
Emily Garwood and Brian K. Coffey

Teaching The Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Mixed Motive Bargaining Simulation Game
Anukul Bhattari and George C. Davis

Demand Dashboards: Interactive Tools to Communicate Consumer Behavior
Justin D. Bina and Glynn T. Tonsor

Using NetLogo to Build an Agent-Based Model for Teaching Purposes at the Graduate Student Level
Bryan Collins and Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen) Liang

An Ignatian Pedagogical Approach to Fostering Conversations on BIPOC Farmland Ownership Through Film Screenings
Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley, Trey Malone, Logan G. Moss, and Wendell Scales Jr.

Expanding Undergraduate Research Experience: Opportunities, Challenges, and Lessons for the Future
April Athnos, Anna Josephson, Jeffrey D. Michler, and Lorin Rudin-Rush

Faculty Perspectives on Engaging Undergraduates in Agricultural and Applied Economics Research
John Lai, Jerrod Penn, and Misti Sharp

Educational Materials Addressing Industry and Market Developments: Introduction to the Special Issue
David Hall

Unraveling the Reintroduction of Hemp in the United States: A Case Study of the Supply and Demand During the (Re)Birth of an Industry
Jonathan D. Shepherd, Rebecca Hill, William Snell, Tyler Mark, Jane Kolodinsky and Hannah Lacasse

Integrating Agricultural Research into Undergraduate Work Integrated Learning (WIL) Courses
Risti Permani, Md Khairul Hidayatullah Basir, Kodrad Winarno, Bisakha Dewan, et.al

From Zero to Thesis in Two Years: A Curriculum Plan for Engaging Undergraduates in Honors Research
Caleb Stair, Xumin Zhang and Misti Sharp

Undergraduate Research Opportunities in an Applied Economics Program: Expanding Pathways for Economics Majors (and Beyond) at Land-Grant HBCUs
Huan Li, Lyubov Kurkalova, Scott Simkins and Shona Morgan

Undergraduate Research in the Andes: Overcoming Barriers to Developing-Country Farm-Household Focused Analysis

Undergraduate Applied Microeconomic Research with Demographic and Health Surveys
Seth R. Gitter, Chris M. Boyd, and Raissa Abbasi

Dare to Experiment: The Synergistic Relationship Between Undergraduate Research and Experimental Economics
Carl Nelson-Poteet , Lusi Xie, Kent D. Messer, and Leah H. Palm-Forster

Engaging Students in Open Dialogue about Use of AI Tools in Economics Courses
Zoë Plakias